Tashkent, Uzbekistan (UzDaily.com) —  The Agency for Strategic Reforms (ASR) has proposed the creation of a system for recycling used solar panels in Uzbekistan, considering the growing volumes of solar generation and the need for environmentally safe disposal of equipment.

According to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), by 2050, the volume of solar panel waste globally could reach 78 million tons. However, over 90% of the mass of such panels can be reused, including the extraction of aluminum, silicon, silver, and glass.

There are four main methods for recycling solar cells:

Mechanical (crushing and sorting components),

Thermal (heating to remove plastic and extract metals),

Chemical (using reagents to extract silver and silicon),

Comprehensive (a combination of mechanical and thermal processes).

ASR has studied international practices and proposed relying on recycling models used in the European Union, Japan, South Korea, and China. These countries have implemented mandatory recycling regulations. For example, in the EU, at least 85% of electronic equipment must be recycled.

To stimulate recycling, various countries offer tax incentives and subsidies:

The EU pays €50–100 per ton of panels recycled,

China offers $50 per ton,

In Japan, recycling companies receive up to $3 million for modernization,

In China, grants for innovative recycling technologies can reach $10 million.

Additionally, in some countries, the public receives compensation for handing in used panels:

In Japan, $15–20,

In South Korea, up to $10.

These measures ensure a recycling rate of 85–90% for solar panels.

In Uzbekistan, approximately 4.5 GW of solar capacity has been installed to date. According to ASR estimates, around 200,000 tons of solar panels will be decommissioned annually.

Currently, large companies are primarily responsible for disposal, but as the use of solar installations expands among the population and small businesses, there is a need for a transition to a national recycling system.

ASR proposes developing a comprehensive program that includes:

Preparation of a legal framework regulating solar panel disposal,

Creation of infrastructure: specialized enterprises and collection points,

Implementation of incentives for businesses and households,

Support for the reuse of components such as aluminum frames, glass, silicon, etc.

This initiative aims to form a sustainable solar energy waste management system, contributing to environmental protection and the development of a green economy.